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A la Noble, la Revolución la hubiese fusilado
Reproducimos un artículo del director del Observatorio de Medios de Argentina, Víctor Ego Ducrot, publicado por la Revista 2010, en su edición dedicada al Bicentenario: desde La Gazeta de Buenos Aires al Grupo Clarín, o cómo reescribir la historia. La nueva Ley de Medios, un punto de inflexión para la democracia argentina.

En uno de los medios fundadores del periodismo en tanto éste hacer de la Modernidad, el periódico L’Ami du Peuple, Jean Paul Marat escribía “quinientas o seiscientas cabezas cortadas bastarían para salvar al país”. Felizmente no son éstos tiempos de guillotinas ni de violencia política, salvo la que en forma cotidiana ejerce la corporación mediática concentrada, tanto en nuestro país como en el concierto latinoamericano, contra sociedades que quedaron cautivas de los apropiadores de la palabra, de la imagen, de los sonidos, convirtiendo a ese mundo simbólico en mera mercancía, a la vez que en arma de disciplina social en orden a los intereses del propio bloque corporativo.

Quizá sea en nuestro país donde mejor pueda expresarse la idea de apropiadores, ya que Ernestina Herrera de Noble y sus diversos cómplices completaron el círculo, perfeccionaron un teorema macabro con hipótesis probada: el proceso de concentración mediática registrado a partir de las dos últimas décadas del siglo pasado requirió, fue parte y todo de una estrategia política regional con epicentro en el paradigma del Terrorismo de Estado.

Que hoy la Noble sea firme sospechosa de apropiación de niños nacidos en cautiverio en los campos de concentración de la última dictadura cívico-militar, no es un hecho casual, ni siquiera consecuencia de la probable psicología criminal de la principal accionista del Grupo Clarín: es casi una natural derivación del escenario creado por las prácticas del régimen de facto, una situación de hecho que para los grupos hegemónicos de nuestra sociedad entonces se convirtió en sentido común. Ni para la Noble, ni para sus cómplices se trataba de un delito; para ellos la impunidad se había convertido en Derecho.

Decíamos en el título de esta nota que, a la Noble, la Revolución (de Mayo) la hubiese fusilado. No se trata aquí de constataciones historiográficas sino de conjeturas, toda vez que éstas, las conjeturas, integran el campo de las múltiples herramientas que concurren a la organización de cualquier relato, y un análisis comparado de procesos políticos diversos es, en forma esencial, un relato.

Para los jacobinos, como Mariano Moreno y Bernardo de Monteagudo –recordemos aquí sus textos en Mártir o Libre -, fundadores, entre otros, del periodismo argentino, la duda en acción apenas fue una ratio imperceptible: hubiesen asumido la responsabilidad, históricamente determinada por el carácter revolucionario en un tiempo y un espacio dado, de ordenar el pelotón de fusilamiento.

En aquella época, la Noble no hubiese cometido delitos de lesa humanidad porque por entonces la doctrina jurídica no los abordaba como tales, pero sí acciones criminales aberrantes, repudiadas por el Derecho Natural, el mismo desde el cual tomistas y agustinianos contemplaron la legalidad del tiranicidio. Hasta el propio Dean Funes, contrarrevolucionario incrustado en la Revolución que se hizo cargo de La Gazeta tras el asesinato de Moreno, y conocedor de la normativa natural, se hubiese visto obligado a disponer la pena máxima para semejante criminal, por haber violado un principio básico de la naturaleza humana, el del Verbo, el de la palabra, que es el del Nombre, el de la identidad, por lo tanto aun más grave que el cometido por Santiago de Liniers.

Recordábamos al principio que el periodismo es hijo de la Modernidad, en disputa por un nuevo orden de sentidos. Por eso nació revolucionario y los mejores periodistas de aquél entonces fueron militantes, como diríamos desde modelo teórico desarrollado en la Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Social de la UNLP para la producción y el análisis de contenidos –Intencionalidad Editorial -, fueron comunicadores que no ocultaban su parcialidad, su toma de posición frente a la disputa de poder.

Los revolucionarios de Mayo constatarían hoy que aquella causa de 1810 no llegó a materializarse como un todo, que las asignaturas pendientes fueron y son muchas, y hubiesen estado en las filas comunicacionales y políticas contra todos los embates de la “contrarrevolución permanente”, sobre todo en el ´55 y en el ’76; serían hoy, por supuesto, militantes de la nueva Ley de Medios.

Sin embargo, puede ser útil agregar algunas otras reflexiones acerca del tránsito desde aquél periodismo de Mayo hacia el actual, otra vez a partir del modelo teórico recién invocado: cuando las burguesías cristalizaron como hegemónicas –en particular a partir de la segunda Revolución Industrial- dejaron de lado la militancia de la palabra e inventaron el llamado periodismo profesional, que no es otra cosa que la propaganda del aparato cultural de las clases en el poder, ocultos tras los velos de la llamada objetividad (Clarín, por ejemplo, no reconoce escribir conforme a sus intereses sino que lo hace desde un principio de verdad, lo que dice el medio es la “realidad”). Se trata de un proceso específico para disciplinar al conjunto de la sociedad en orden a los sentidos hegemónicos.

Ese proceso va de la mano con el que registró el sistema capitalista como sistema mundo, concentración económica financiera y ordenamiento de la vida en tanto mercancía; y ésta como fetiche, un no ser impuesto sobre el ser. En el campo que nos ocupa el camino hacia el fetiche absoluto se llama sociedad mediática, esa sociedad instalada por el sistema de medios (concentrados y oligopolizados, por supuesto) que se atribuye la propiedad de la palabra con la misma lógica que el Terrorismo de Estado se atribuyó la propiedad de la vida.

Moreno, Monteagudo y muchos caminarían con nosotros, exactamente doscientos años después de sus luchas democráticas, en defensa de la nueva Ley de Medios; porque su plena vigencia no sólo redistribuirá con equidad social el espacio radioeléctrico sino que, y fundamentalmente, permitirá que la sociedad y cada uno de nosotros como sujetos recuperemos para siempre el uso libre de la palabra, del nombre, es decir la identidad. Con un sistema de signos y significados regulado a partir de leyes como la que exigimos sea puesta en vigencia, porque el Congreso Nacional la sancionó por aclamación, los apropiadores de símbolos y de niños no gozarán de impunidad.

Víctor Ego Ducrot - Revista 2010


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